Compare and Contrast the Culture, Mission, and Vision of Profit and Research Paper

Look into the Culture, Mission, and Vision of Profit and Nonprofit Organizations - Research Paper Example In real money premise bookkeeping technique budgetary data is recorded by continuous income. Again under the collection premise framework, income is recorded when it is earned rather that when the installment is gotten. Productive associations keep up their money related records by observing a standard bookkeeping framework yet this framework may not be trailed by a non gainful association as their tendency of work is not the same as the beneficial association. In such manner this can be said that the two kinds of association will never follow comparative sort of bookkeeping strategy for the business exercises. This report will investigate the bookkeeping techniques which are applied in gainful and non beneficial association. The bookkeepers of one beneficial and one non productive association are giving the data about the bookkeeping standard followed by those organizations in their meeting. Here the productive association is Apple Inc which is an American global organization which makes PC programming, customer hardware, PCs and online administrations. The case of non gainful association is Virginia Community Capital, Inc. It is a philanthropic financial element and network advancement money related foundation. This association gives imaginative speculation arrangements and advance for financial formative activities and moderate lodging in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Gigantic contrasts can be seen if there should arise an occurrence of bookkeeping framework for charitable and gainful association. If there should be an occurrence of beneficial association this can be said that this sort of business has begun for giving advantages to the entrepreneurs and investors of the organization. Thus benefit is one of the significant objectives of these organizations and friends needs to pay charge on the measure of benefit. Be that as it may, in the event that charitable association this can be

Financial groups Essay

Today, Barclays is one of the most remarkable budgetary gatherings on the planet. In any case, its causes can be followed back to a significantly more unassuming business, established over 300 years prior in premises near the Group’s worldwide central station in the core of London’s money related region. In the late seventeenth century, the roads of the City of London were loaded up with goldsmith-financiers, who furnished rulers and vendors with the cash they expected to subsidize their endeavors far and wide. One such business was established by John Freame and his accomplice Thomas Gould in Lombard Street, London, in 1690. The name Barclay became related with the organization in 1736, when James Barclay †who had hitched John Freame’s little girl †turned into an accomplice. Private banking was normal in the eighteenth century, financiers would keep their clients’ gold stores make sure about and loan to credit-commendable dealers. By the 1890s there were somewhere in the range of 100 private banks. In 1896, 20 of these organizations met up to shape another joint-stock bank. The main accomplices of the new bank, which was named Barclay and Company, were at that point associated by a trap of family and business connections. The new bank had 182 branches, for the most part in the East and South East, and stores of I 26 million †a considerable entirety of cash back then. It extended its branch arrange quickly by taking over different banks, incorporating Bolithos in Cornwall and the South West in 1905 and United Counties Bank in the Midlands in 1916. In 1918 the organization †presently Barclays Bank Limited †amalgamated with the London, Provincial and South Western Bank to get one of the UK’s ‘big five’ banks. By 1926 the bank had 1,837 outlets in its own name. The improvement of today’s worldwide business started in 1925, with the merger of three banks where Barclays held offers, the Colonial Bank, the Anglo Egyptian Bank and the National Bank of South Africa. The new Barclays Bank had organizations in quite a bit of Africa, the Middle East and the West Indies. Its name changed to Barclays Bank DCO in 1954, because of changed financial and political conditions. It became Barclays strategy to decentralize, away structure London setting up privately settled banks, and 1985 called Barclays Bank. Today’s Barclays has enormous worldwide quality and a notoriety for being first with creative items and administrations. Starting at 30 June 2000, staff overall comprised of 70,300, of which 52,300 were in the UK. Today, Barclays has five business groupings that are overseen as universal organizations, reflecting changing client needs and the improvements occurring in worldwide budgetary administrations. Barclays makes an immediate and critical commitment to the prosperity of the UK economy. The financial part represents roughly 4. 2 percent of the UK’s national yield. In 1998, the money related industry contributed I 4. 6 billion to government incomes in standard enterprise charge. Barclays alone paid a sum of I 533 million in charges in 1998. Around 30 million exchanges are handled each day through UK clearing frameworks. The quantity of ways it is conceivable to get to monetary administrations is significantly expanding to serve clients. Phone banking, expanded openness to money machines, implies that a huge number of clients can utilize banking administrations 24 hours per day. Interest for these administrations is ascending as a choice to branch-based banking and, as an outcome of this the quantity of customary spread will keep on declining. Because of the conclusion of branches there has been a decrease in the quantity of occupations over the financial area. Explanations behind Change and Actions Taken The primary purpose behind the change is the changing needs of the shoppers. More individuals are working know, having busier existences with longer days and voyaging more and requiring moment access to cash without queueing and pause. Client tastes are getting progressively differing, while a few people need the quickness of 24 hour electronic access to their cash while others despite everything favor individual, up close and personal assistance from clerks. Having seen that individuals need progressively moment access to their cash Barclays have set up more than 25,000 ATM’s, extended their phone banking administration and offer the universes driving web banking administration. They gloat measurement of: â€Å"One million clients have pursued our phone banking administration. Our call habitats get 25 calls each moment. † â€Å"The number of money machined accessible to clients had more than trebled in the previous five years. † â€Å"Barclays web based banking has pulled in excess of 450,000 clients since it was propelled in1996† Barclays needs to keep its administrations in the open enthusiasm as they face genuine rivalry from worldwide financial company, stores offering money back, and even vehicle produces can offer financial administrations. Over the most recent six years the all out number of charge card backers has dramatically increased. The ongoing advances in innovation, especially computerized data, imply that huge numbers of the new rivals in the monetary market don't have to keep up an across the nation chain of branches. It is conceivable, and a lot less expensive, to offer money related types of assistance via phone, PC or web. Because of the expansion of rivalry it has been significant for Barclays to mean to lead the route for banking later on, and furthermore for them to be cautious that they handle their clients needs and desires. Perhaps the greatest test for every single monetary specialist co-ops is to build up another age of progressively modern, adaptable items and administrations. Clients need and require straight forward simple access to their money, regardless of whether it be through a money machine, over that telephone or the money work area. At Barclays it is workable for clients to picked what sort of records they need, for instance across the board accounts, for example, those offered by Virgin One and Mortgage Trust or they can settle on investment accounts from building social orders and insurance agencies. Conventional financial suppliers are offering further developed current records. The quantity of clients picking Barclays further developed current record is expanding. Administrations, for example, web banking incredible ten years prior, are presently offered as standard by most banks. Barclays has a long history of advancement. They were the main bank on the planet to introduce the money gadget, this was situated at their Enfield branch in 1967 having recently propelled the principal Mastercard in Europe in 1966. In the 1980’s they presented the UK’s first charge card. In October 1998, Barclays turned into the principal bank to present moment banking, and to permit the Visa to offer client access to their present record and charge card subtleties via telephone. Barclays understands that to stay aware of rivalry that they should proceed with their long history of interest underway and administration advancement, increment the utilization of the innovation accessible to them, ie the web, online business and telebanking. They additionally propose to give business clients full euro capacities and offering their own financial clients a significantly more extensive scope of adaptable reserve funds, home loan and advance plans. Barclays has spent over I 10 million on client examine programs in 1999 to guarantee that they have an inside and out comprehension of the necessities of their clients and their desires. In all out they studied mutiple. 7 million individual clients during 1999. They found that clients were commonly happy with their money related specialist organization. Clients said that they viewed Barclays as strong, sheltered and dependable as far as the assets and business they endowed in them. Anyway it was seen that clients needed an improvement in the coordinated assistance and for singular conditions to be generally welcomed. Having heard this Barclays reacted by propelling a progression of activities, a considerable lot of these included better utilization of client information permitting them to envision clients needs and permitting them to pre-favor advances, overdrafts and home loan courses of action. Barclays expects to make a commitment to the network, in September 1999 they declared proposition to contribute I 100 million to another territorial Venture Capital Fund, offering credits to developing organizations that can't increase traditional bank subsidizing, this was a piece of Barclays plan to advance financial recovery. Barclays has additionally evolved three national sponsorship programs, these incorporate, Barclays New Futures, this is the biggest instructive sponsorship plot worth I 8 million more than eight years, run related to Community Service Volunteers. Barclays Sitesavers, this is the biggest natural recovery sponsorship worth I 3 million more than six years, this is an association plot with Groundwork, they are meaning to transform forsaken land into in to parks, gardens, play zones and sports grounds. Barclays Stage Partner expects to permit individuals who in any case couldn't stand to go to the theater, it will cost Barclays a sum of I 4. 5 million more than six years. Anyway for Barclays to stay aware of rivalry in the thousand years it was essential for them to extend their market and a merger with the Woolwich was proposed. Both the CEO of Woolwich and Barclays understood that they had a mutual way of thinking, technique and vision, just as their perspectives on the eventual fate of banking being comparable. An arrangement among Woolwich and Barclays would twofold Barclays’ portion of both the home loan and investment funds advertise, give access to the country’s second biggest group of free money related counsels and give it Open Plan, Woolwich’s across the board ledger, which was including a further 8,000 clients every week. In any case, because of the merger occurring more than 100 Woolwich branches were situated inside 100 meters of a Barclays, as these were presently pointless these 100 Woolwich branches were shut, leaving

Take a break, experience A Doubled Magic COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Take a break, experience A Doubled Magic COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Its prime application season, and I understand how stressful it can be for applicants. The anxiety of applying to graduate school is enough to make anyone doubt themselves.  Should I rewrite my personal statement to address an important childhood event? Maybe I really do need to retake the TOEFL exam.  Do I need two academic references or two professional references, and one of the other?  Dont let those thoughts in your head  consume your every waking moment. Some of your concerns may be legitimate, so its worth contacting the Office of Admissions for advice. But other times, not so much. If your concerns fall into the second category, then I say take a break for an hour or two to clear your head. Take a walk, call a family member, or enjoy a nice meal with friends. Do something other than  spend the next few hours stressing about your  graduate school application. Yes, you may think my advice is incredulous, but that doesnt make any less true. If you get lost in fixing your application, youll  forget about the bigger picture.  Its important to get back to the basics of  why  youre applying to graduate school in the first place. So  spend the next few hours reconnecting with yourself and your loved ones; youll be glad you did. If you need a little re-inspiration as to  why SIPA, then watch this 1-minute video about Columbia University. It was produced for  Columbia Athletics and is based on the words of Pulitzer Prize-winning Columbia alumnus Herman Wouk. The video is  intended for undergraduate students, but the message holds equally true for all the Seeple out there, too. Happy watching. I hope it inspires you.

Take a break, experience A Doubled Magic COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Take a break, experience A Doubled Magic COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Its prime application season, and I understand how stressful it can be for applicants. The anxiety of applying to graduate school is enough to make anyone doubt themselves.  Should I rewrite my personal statement to address an important childhood event? Maybe I really do need to retake the TOEFL exam.  Do I need two academic references or two professional references, and one of the other?  Dont let those thoughts in your head  consume your every waking moment. Some of your concerns may be legitimate, so its worth contacting the Office of Admissions for advice. But other times, not so much. If your concerns fall into the second category, then I say take a break for an hour or two to clear your head. Take a walk, call a family member, or enjoy a nice meal with friends. Do something other than  spend the next few hours stressing about your  graduate school application. Yes, you may think my advice is incredulous, but that doesnt make any less true. If you get lost in fixing your application, youll  forget about the bigger picture.  Its important to get back to the basics of  why  youre applying to graduate school in the first place. So  spend the next few hours reconnecting with yourself and your loved ones; youll be glad you did. If you need a little re-inspiration as to  why SIPA, then watch this 1-minute video about Columbia University. It was produced for  Columbia Athletics and is based on the words of Pulitzer Prize-winning Columbia alumnus Herman Wouk. The video is  intended for undergraduate students, but the message holds equally true for all the Seeple out there, too. Happy watching. I hope it inspires you.

Analysis Of The Article Culture And Society - 815 Words

This week’s materials seem to give me a huge hit. They give me headache for sure, but they also enlighten me. Of the three materials, the one I like the most is the one entitled ‘Culture is ordinary.’ I really enjoy reading this article. For me, it is like reading a journal or personal experience. It feels so intimate, especially the experience shared. Compared to the other pieces, the book ‘Culture and Society’ or the article ‘the Analysis of Culture,’ this particular article offers a different impression. True, the shortness of the article first grabbed my attention. However, it does not necessarily mean that it does not provide a poignant information. On the contrary, it gives me a more contextual and personal information about what culture is. In addition, this article reminds me of my own ‘cultural experience.’ The title of the article, ‘Culture is ordinary,’ somewhat brings me the message that one does not need to travel far just to find out what culture is because as emphasized by Williams we can easily find out culture from where they live; from the common thing in life, straight from your own door. For me, the way Williams begins his discussion by giving the readers the description of his hometown (trip) is apt to give a sense that culture is ordinary; that culture is not something unreachable or unseen, for it is here, around us. The introduction also serves to reinforce how ordinary and simple culture is that it is drawn from the everyday life. The bus route isShow MoreRelatedJapan s Identity And Cultural Identity867 Words   |  4 Pagessocial and analysis aspects of Japan’s globalisation, and analysis of Japan’s nationality and cultural identity. 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It Infrastructure Security Policy Free Essays

UNIT 6 ASSIGMENT 1 IT Infrastructure Security Policy Purpose of the Network InfrastructureThe Companies values openness and promotes access to a wide range of information; accordingly, the campus information systems have been designed to be as open as possible. The Companies network consists of: data cables and jacks from the wiring closets to the user’s work station, or wireless access points to a user’s PC; copper and optical data communications cables; Ethernet switches, routers, servers, and peripherals; systems to enable and manage access; and systems to monitor the capacity and maintain the integrity of the network, with the goal to provide high availability and capacity to support the needs of the network users. The reliability, availability and adequate capacity of network resources is critical to the day-to-day function of the Companies. We will write a custom essay sample on It Infrastructure Security Policy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Each member of the Companies community (students, faculty, staff, and guests) is expected to protect the integrity of the network and to know and adhere to Companies rules, regulations and guidelines for their appropriate use. Regulations that govern personal conduct and use of Companies facilities also apply to the use of network resources. * Components of the Network Infrastructure Policy * Appropriate Use * Unacceptable Use * Access Restrictions * Request for Evaluation Read this  Chapter 2 – Why Security is Needed Components of the Network Infrastructure Policy * * Connecting Devices to the Network * The campus network is a shared resource. It is therefore necessary to strike a balance between enabling opportunities for teaching and research, and protecting the integrity of network resources. To this end, Companies must be involved in the planning, acquisition, maintenance, and on-going connectivity of all network devices. This will ensure the appropriate network design, interoperability of components and integrity of operation. If a device is connected to the network infrastructure without prior consultation, Companies cannot guarantee the on-going connectivity and proper operation of the device. * * Wireless Network Equipment The interest and use of wireless networking (802. 11a, 802. 11b 802. 11g, Wi-Fi) is evolving rapidly. All network use policies apply to the use of wireless LAN technology. Wireless access to Companies resources which will be secured through a central authentication system, except for specific departmental needs. The company will work with individual departments and colleges to help address their special needs for wireless technology. * * Domain Name Service Internet servers for academic departments or administrative units serving campus related information may need DNS entries set up for the server. Requests for DNS entries will need to be submitted to the Networking unit of Companies for approval. No other DNS server should be setup by other campus units. DNS names will not be given to a server set up for personal use, such as a personal web server. Any web site served on the web servers maintained by Companies such as www. uww. edu, facstaff. uww. edu, and students. uww. edu will carry the appropriate path names as URL; no DNS name will be given. Occasionally members of the Companies community may sponsor an organization that is loosely affiliated with the Companies. These organizations may be of professional, scholarly, partnership or entrepreneurial nature. Under certain circumstances it may be appropriate for these organizations to hold DNS names other than uww. edu , while hosting them in the Companies domain. Provided that the use of these domains support the Companies’s mission and are consistent with all applicable Companies policy, Companies may host them within the uww. edu domain. Approval and regular review of these domains will be conducted on a case-by-case basis by the Chancellor and the CIO. Additionally, there are technical criteria that must be met, such as: 1. â€Å"Servers in the domain must reside in the McGraw data center. 2. This progress must be listed as the technical contact with the registrar**, so that others are aware of any changes and can respond appropriately. 3. Only UW-W DNS servers should be specified to the registrar * * Dynamic Host Control Protocol The DHCP service delivers IP information to campus workstations to provide Internet connectivity. The central DHCP service and the management of IP assignments is administered by Companies. No other DHCP service should be set up on campus without prior consultation with Companies, and only to meet specific administrative or academic needs. *Remote Access to Network Resources While web access is sufficient for the majority of Companies educational and business activities there are some instances when direct access to network resources is necessary. To enable remote access to network resources in a secure manner that protects confidentiality and integrity of Companies and personal information Virtual Private Networking is a method by which a user can access UWW’s internal network via the internet in a secure manner through a firewall or similar security layer. Remote access for some campus services, such as email and library databases, may be addressed in separate campus policies. Authorized users must only connect to the Companies network from computers that conform to the Network Infrastructure Use Policy security requirements. This includes ensuring that computers are fully patched with the latest operating system updates and have current antivirus software. Appropriate UseListed below are the policies that govern data network access and usage for students, staff and faculty at the Companies of Wisconsin Whitewater. 1. Authorized users Authorized users are (1) current faculty, staff, and students of the Companies; (2) individuals connecting to a public information service supported on the Campus network and (3) others who are specifically authorized to use a particular computing or network resource by the campus unit responsible for the resource. . General Guidelines Those who use the campus network resources are expected to do so responsibly, that is, to comply with state and federal laws, with this and other policies and procedures of the Companies, and with normal standards of professional and personal courtesy and conduct. 3. Security Information security at Companiesis everyone’s responsibility . To maintain security in using the campus network services, it is important to adhere to the following guidelines: * Protect your login ID and password. Computer accounts, passwords, ids and other types of authorization are assigned to individual users and should not be shared with others. * Be aware that the person to whom an account is assigned will be held accountable for any activity originating from that account. * Do not access data or systems for which you have not been given specific authority. * Take reasonable steps to ensure that your desktop or laptop computer system does not create a security risk when connected to the network, including keeping anti-virus software and operating patches up-to-date. Report security violations. 4. Confidentiality Information stored on computers is considered confidential, whether protected by the computer system or not, unless the owner intentionally makes that information available to other groups or individuals. The Companies of Wisconsin Whitewater takes the position that computer users desire that the information that they store on central and/or campus shared computing resources remai n confidential. While all efforts will be made to ensure confidentiality, users should be aware that data (including e-mail) might, due to software or hardware failure, become accessible to those Companies who are not authorized for that access. Companies personnel may also on occasion have access to such data while performing routine operations or pursuing apparent systems or user problems. No guarantee of complete privacy is made or implied by this policy. Requests for the disclosure of confidential information will be governed by the provisions of the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) and the Wisconsin Open Records Statutes . All such requests will be honored only when approved by Companies officials who are the legal custodians of the information requested, or when required by state or federal law, or court order. Users found to be copying, modifying, or otherwise accessing information for which they have not been granted permission may be liable to disciplinary action. Unacceptable UseNetwork resources at this Companies may not be used for unlawful activities, commercial purposes not associated with the Companies, or uses that violate other Companies policies or guidelines. The following activities are NOT acceptable use of the campus network resources: * Damaging or performing unauthorized removal of networking equipment, software or data * Tampering with network hardware, wiring, or software * Disrupting or interfering with the normal operation of network communications, generating excessive network activity or performing unauthorized monitoring of network traffic * Willfully introducing computer viruses or other disruptive programs into the Companies network, which are intended to damage or create excessive load on network resources * Intentionally violating or attempting to bypass network security strategies * Using unauthorized accounts, passwords, IP addresses or other network access information * Accessing or modifying any software, files, data or other Companies information for which an individual has not been given authorization * Using network resources to harass or intimidate others * Using network resources to impersonate others or to forge another’s identity * Interfering with the computing activities of others. * Setting up network services or equipment without knowledge or involvement of Companies. * Violating state, federal or copyright laws * Using network resources for commercial activity or financial gain which does not conform to UW-W rules and regulations Access RestrictionsAccess to campus network resources may be wholly or partially restricted by the Companies without prior notice and without the consent of the user when: 1. required by and consistent with law 2. when there is reason to believe that violations of policy or law have taken place 3. hen the continued access/use of network resources by an individual significantly affects the integrity, performance, or security of the campus network as a whole The individual will be notified of the reason and duration of the access restriction as soon as possible. Access will be restored when the situation has been resolved. These are general Companies pol icies; departments or other units may place additional restrictions on the resources that they manage. Work cited : http://www. uww. edu/icit/governance/policies/network/infrastructure. htmlg3ctoolkit. net/†¦ /IT_Infrastructure_Security_†¦ – United Kingdom www. wokingham. gov. uk/EasysiteWeb/getresource. axd?†¦ How to cite It Infrastructure Security Policy, Papers It Infrastructure Security Policy Free Essays UNIT 6 ASSIGMENT 1 IT Infrastructure Security Policy Purpose of the Network InfrastructureThe Companies values openness and promotes access to a wide range of information; accordingly, the campus information systems have been designed to be as open as possible. The Companies network consists of: data cables and jacks from the wiring closets to the user’s work station, or wireless access points to a user’s PC; copper and optical data communications cables; Ethernet switches, routers, servers, and peripherals; systems to enable and manage access; and systems to monitor the capacity and maintain the integrity of the network, with the goal to provide high availability and capacity to support the needs of the network users. The reliability, availability and adequate capacity of network resources is critical to the day-to-day function of the Companies. We will write a custom essay sample on It Infrastructure Security Policy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Each member of the Companies community (students, faculty, staff, and guests) is expected to protect the integrity of the network and to know and adhere to Companies rules, regulations and guidelines for their appropriate use. Regulations that govern personal conduct and use of Companies facilities also apply to the use of network resources. * Components of the Network Infrastructure Policy * Appropriate Use * Unacceptable Use * Access Restrictions * Request for Evaluation Components of the Network Infrastructure Policy * * Connecting Devices to the Network * The campus network is a shared resource. It is therefore necessary to strike a balance between enabling opportunities for teaching and research, and protecting the integrity of network resources. To this end, Companies must be involved in the planning, acquisition, maintenance, and on-going connectivity of all network devices. This will ensure the appropriate network design, interoperability of components and integrity of operation. If a device is connected to the network infrastructure without prior consultation, Companies cannot guarantee the on-going connectivity and proper operation of the device. * * Wireless Network Equipment The interest and use of wireless networking (802. 11a, 802. 11b 802. 11g, Wi-Fi) is evolving rapidly. All network use policies apply to the use of wireless LAN technology. Wireless access to Companies resources which will be secured through a central authentication system, except for specific departmental needs. The company will work with individual departments and colleges to help address their special needs for wireless technology. * * Domain Name Service Internet servers for academic departments or administrative units serving campus related information may need DNS entries set up for the server. Requests for DNS entries will need to be submitted to the Networking unit of Companies for approval. No other DNS server should be setup by other campus units. DNS names will not be given to a server set up for personal use, such as a personal web server. Any web site served on the web servers maintained by Companies such as www. uww. edu, facstaff. uww. edu, and students. uww. edu will carry the appropriate path names as URL; no DNS name will be given. Occasionally members of the Companies community may sponsor an organization that is loosely affiliated with the Companies. These organizations may be of professional, scholarly, partnership or entrepreneurial nature. Under certain circumstances it may be appropriate for these organizations to hold DNS names other than uww. edu , while hosting them in the Companies domain. Provided that the use of these domains support the Companies’s mission and are consistent with all applicable Companies policy, Companies may host them within the uww. edu domain. Approval and regular review of these domains will be conducted on a case-by-case basis by the Chancellor and the CIO. Additionally, there are technical criteria that must be met, such as: 1. â€Å"Servers in the domain must reside in the McGraw data center. 2. This progress must be listed as the technical contact with the registrar**, so that others are aware of any changes and can respond appropriately. 3. Only UW-W DNS servers should be specified to the registrar * * Dynamic Host Control Protocol The DHCP service delivers IP information to campus workstations to provide Internet connectivity. The central DHCP service and the management of IP assignments is administered by Companies. No other DHCP service should be set up on campus without prior consultation with Companies, and only to meet specific administrative or academic needs. *Remote Access to Network Resources While web access is sufficient for the majority of Companies educational and business activities there are some instances when direct access to network resources is necessary. To enable remote access to network resources in a secure manner that protects confidentiality and integrity of Companies and personal information Virtual Private Networking is a method by which a user can access UWW’s internal network via the internet in a secure manner through a firewall or similar security layer. Remote access for some campus services, such as email and library databases, may be addressed in separate campus policies. Authorized users must only connect to the Companies network from computers that conform to the Network Infrastructure Use Policy security requirements. This includes ensuring that computers are fully patched with the latest operating system updates and have current antivirus software. Appropriate UseListed below are the policies that govern data network access and usage for students, staff and faculty at the Companies of Wisconsin Whitewater. 1. Authorized users Authorized users are (1) current faculty, staff, and students of the Companies; (2) individuals connecting to a public information service supported on the Campus network and (3) others who are specifically authorized to use a particular computing or network resource by the campus unit responsible for the resource. . General Guidelines Those who use the campus network resources are expected to do so responsibly, that is, to comply with state and federal laws, with this and other policies and procedures of the Companies, and with normal standards of professional and personal courtesy and conduct. 3. Security Information security at Companiesis everyone’s responsibility . To maintain security in using the campus network services, it is important to adhere to the following guidelines: * Protect your login ID and password. Computer accounts, passwords, ids and other types of authorization are assigned to individual users and should not be shared with others. * Be aware that the person to whom an account is assigned will be held accountable for any activity originating from that account. * Do not access data or systems for which you have not been given specific authority. * Take reasonable steps to ensure that your desktop or laptop computer system does not create a security risk when connected to the network, including keeping anti-virus software and operating patches up-to-date. Report security violations. 4. Confidentiality Information stored on computers is considered confidential, whether protected by the computer system or not, unless the owner intentionally makes that information available to other groups or individuals. The Companies of Wisconsin Whitewater takes the position that computer users desire that the information that they store on central and/or campus shared computing resources remai n confidential. While all efforts will be made to ensure confidentiality, users should be aware that data (including e-mail) might, due to software or hardware failure, become accessible to those Companies who are not authorized for that access. Companies personnel may also on occasion have access to such data while performing routine operations or pursuing apparent systems or user problems. No guarantee of complete privacy is made or implied by this policy. Requests for the disclosure of confidential information will be governed by the provisions of the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA) and the Wisconsin Open Records Statutes . All such requests will be honored only when approved by Companies officials who are the legal custodians of the information requested, or when required by state or federal law, or court order. Users found to be copying, modifying, or otherwise accessing information for which they have not been granted permission may be liable to disciplinary action. Unacceptable UseNetwork resources at this Companies may not be used for unlawful activities, commercial purposes not associated with the Companies, or uses that violate other Companies policies or guidelines. The following activities are NOT acceptable use of the campus network resources: * Damaging or performing unauthorized removal of networking equipment, software or data * Tampering with network hardware, wiring, or software * Disrupting or interfering with the normal operation of network communications, generating excessive network activity or performing unauthorized monitoring of network traffic * Willfully introducing computer viruses or other disruptive programs into the Companies network, which are intended to damage or create excessive load on network resources * Intentionally violating or attempting to bypass network security strategies * Using unauthorized accounts, passwords, IP addresses or other network access information * Accessing or modifying any software, files, data or other Companies information for which an individual has not been given authorization * Using network resources to harass or intimidate others * Using network resources to impersonate others or to forge another’s identity * Interfering with the computing activities of others. * Setting up network services or equipment without knowledge or involvement of Companies. * Violating state, federal or copyright laws * Using network resources for commercial activity or financial gain which does not conform to UW-W rules and regulations Access RestrictionsAccess to campus network resources may be wholly or partially restricted by the Companies without prior notice and without the consent of the user when: 1. required by and consistent with law 2. when there is reason to believe that violations of policy or law have taken place 3. hen the continued access/use of network resources by an individual significantly affects the integrity, performance, or security of the campus network as a whole The individual will be notified of the reason and duration of the access restriction as soon as possible. Access will be restored when the situation has been resolved. These are general Companies pol icies; departments or other units may place additional restrictions on the resources that they manage. Work cited : http://www. uww. edu/icit/governance/policies/network/infrastructure. htmlg3ctoolkit. net/†¦ /IT_Infrastructure_Security_†¦ – United Kingdom www. wokingham. gov. uk/EasysiteWeb/getresource. axd?†¦ How to cite It Infrastructure Security Policy, Essay examples

Discrimination and the Arts Essay Example For Students

Discrimination and the Arts Essay Provide an example from contemporary culture of people resisting (or not resisting) discrimination. Use this example to demonstrate your position on art as resistance. Consider questions such as: would art have helped the less empowered people fight back? Did art play a part in the arguments against discrimination? In what ways does art address discrimination in your example? You may use print or web sources for this example as long as you document these carefully. In addition, you must define what you mean by art in order to construct a strong argument. 5. Include in your paper an acknowledgement and rebuttal of an opposing or counter- argument. This section of your paper may be short, but it is a vital aspect of your paper, so dont forget to include it. IN OTHER WORDS, give the other side of your answer to the top question about art as an effective form Of resistance and then argue against If you answer yes, then say how people could argue no and argue against them. 6. You Will need to use at least five sources for this paper: THREE from Cultural Conversations (Du Bois plus two others) and TWO related to your example (they can be inconsolably). . GRADING BASED ON: forming a thesis, showing originality, constructing and organizing your argument, using textual evidence, showing you understand the main themes of the course/unit, dieting stylistic and grammatical standards, and finding and using sources. 8. Use MEAL format and citation style. Also use 1 inch margins and Times New Roman or similar font, No cover page please. Number your pa ges and include a header with your name and my name on it. Staple your paper. Dont forget a title. P roofed. W. E. B, Du Bois Marcus Graver Booker T. Washington Longboats Hughes Anna Julia Cooper Anonymous Reviewer Frances E,W, Harper Lifting the Veil Of Ignorance, B. T. Washington Memorial at Tuskegee University From Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man (1952): Then in my minds eye see the bronze Statue Of the college Founder, the cold Father symbol, his hands outstretched in the breathtaking gesture of lifting a veil that flutters in hard, metallic folds above the face off kneeling slave; and am standing puzzled, unable to decide whether the veil is really being lifted, or lowered more firmly in place; whether I am witnessing a revelation or a more efficient blinding. Bob Marled Redemption Song Emancipate yourself from mental slavery None but ourselves can free our minds, Longboats Hughes l, Too, Sing America Frances E. W. Harper aha Burdens of All From w. E. A. Du Bois criteria of Negro Art: PAGE 160: The apostle of beauty thus becomes the apostle of truth and right not by choice but by inner and outer compulsion. Free he is but his freedom is ever bounded by truth and justice; and slavery only dogs him when he is denied the right to tell the truth or recognize an ideal of justice Thus, all art is propaganda and ever must be, despite the wailing tooth purists I do not care a damn for any art that is not used for propaganda. But I do care when propaganda is confined to one side while the other is stripped and silent.

Biography of Attila the Hun

Biography of Attila the Hun Attila the Hun was the fierce 5th-century leader of the nomadic, barbarian group known as the Huns, who struck fear in the hearts of the Romans as he plundered everything in his path, invaded the Eastern Empire and then crossed the Rhine into Gaul. Occupation:  RulerDates:  We dont know when Attila was born. It could have been around 406 A.D. He ruled from about 433 until his death in 453. Offices and Titles Attila was the king of the Scythian hordes known as the Huns, who frightened those in their paths even with their appearance. For devastating much of Europe - mostly while on horseback shooting javelins, composite bows and arrows, Attila the Hun is also known as the Scourge of God. Jordanes says the following about Attila: His army is said to have numbered five hundred thousand men. He was a man born into the world to shake the nations, the scourge of all lands, who in some way terrified all mankind by the dreadful rumors noised abroad concerning him. He was haughty in his walk, rolling his eyes hither and thither, so that the power of his proud spirit appeared in the movement of his body.The Origin and Deeds of the Goths Military Attila successfully led his forces to invade the Eastern Roman Empire, whose capital was in Constantinople, in 441. In 451, on the Plains of Chà ¢lons (also known as the Catalaunian Plains), which was located in Gaul (modern France), although the exact location is disputed, Attila suffered a setback. Attila was ranged against the Romans and the Germanic Visigoths who were settled in Gaul. This didnt stop him, though; he made progress and was on the verge of sacking Rome when, in 452, Pope Leo I [d. 461]) dissuaded Attila from proceeding. Death The death of Attila was the following year, on his wedding night in 453, supposedly of a nosebleed. There are other explanations, including an assassination plot. With Attilas death, the Huns fade from prominence as a foe of the Romans. Sources We know about Attila through Priscus (5th century), a Roman diplomat and historian, and Jordanes, a 6th-century Gothic historian, and author of the Getica. Biography of Attila the Hun Attila the Hun and his warriors rose from the plains of Scythia, modern-day southern Russia and Kazakhstan, and spread terror across Europe. The citizens of the weakened Roman Empire gazed in fear and disdain upon these uncouth barbarians with tattooed faces and top-knotted hair. The Christianized Romans could not understand how God could allow these pagans to destroy their once-mighty empire; they called Attila the Scourge of God. Attila and his troops conquered vast swaths of Europe, from the straits of Constantinople to Paris, and from northern Italy to islands in the Baltic Sea. Who were the Huns? Who was Attila? The Huns Before Attila The Huns first enter the historical record far to the East of Rome. In fact, their ancestors probably were one of the nomadic peoples of the Mongolian steppe, whom the Chinese called the Xiongnu. The Xiongnu launched such devastating raids into China that they actually motivated the construction of first sections of the Great Wall of China. Around 85 A.D., the resurgent Han Chinese were able to inflict heavy defeats on the Xiongnu, prompting the nomadic raiders to scatter to the west. Some went as far as Scythia, where they were able to conquer a number of less fearsome tribes. Combined, these peoples became the Huns. Uncle Rua Rules the Huns At the time of Attilas birth, c. 406, the Huns were a loosely organized coalition of nomadic herder clans, each with a separate king. In the late 420s, Attilas uncle Rua seized power over all of the Huns and killed the other kings. This political change resulted from the Huns increasing reliance on tribute and mercenary payments from the Romans  and their decreased dependence on pastoralism. Rome paid Ruas Huns to fight for them. He also got 350 lbs of gold in annual tribute from the Eastern Roman Empire based in Constantinople. In this new, gold-based economy, people did not need to follow the herds; thus, power could be centralized. Attila and Bledas Rise to Power Rua died in 434 - history does not record the cause of death. He was succeeded by his nephews, Bleda and Attila. Its not clear why the older brother Bleda was unable to take sole power. Perhaps Attila was stronger or more popular. The brothers tried to extend their empire into Persia in the late 430s, but were defeated by the Sassanids. They sacked Eastern Roman cities at will, and Constantinople bought peace in exchange for an annual tribute of 700 lbs of gold in 435, rising to 1,400 lbs in 442. Meanwhile, the Huns fought as mercenaries in the Western Roman army against the Burgundians (in 436) and the Goths (in 439). The Death of Bleda In 445, Bleda suddenly died. As with Rua, no cause of death is recorded, but Roman sources from that time and modern historians alike believe that Attila probably killed him (or had him killed). As the sole King of the Huns, Attila invaded the Eastern Roman Empire, seizing the Balkans, and threatening earthquake-ravaged Constantinople in 447. The Roman Emperor sued for peace, handing over 6,000 pounds of gold in back-tribute, agreeing to pay 2,100 pounds annually, and returning fugitive Huns who had fled to Constantinople. These refugee Huns were probably the sons or nephews of the kings killed by Rua. Attila had them impaled. Romans Try to Assassinate Attila In 449, Constantinople sent an imperial ambassador, Maximinus, supposedly to negotiate with Attila over the creation of a buffer zone between Hunnic and Roman lands, and the return of more refugee Huns. The months-long preparation and journey were recorded by Priscus, an historian who went along. When the gift-laden train of Romans reached Attilas lands, they were rudely rebuffed. The ambassador (and Priscus) did not realize that Vigilas, their interpreter, had actually been sent to assassinate Attila, in collusion with Attilas counselor Edeco. After Edeco revealed the whole plot, Attila sent the Romans home in disgrace. Honorias Proposal A year after Attilas not-so-close brush with death, in 450, the Roman princess Honoria sent him a note and a ring. Honoria, the sister of Emperor Valentinian III, had been promised in marriage to a man she didnt like. She wrote and asked Attila to rescue her. Attila interpreted this as a marriage proposal  and happily accepted. Honorias dowry included half of the provinces in the Western Roman Empire, a very nice prize. The Roman Emperor refused to accept this arrangement, of course, so Attila gathered his army and set out to claim his newest wife. The Huns quickly overran much of modern-day France and Germany. Battle of the Catalaunian Fields The Huns sweep through Gaul was halted at the Catalaunian Fieds, in northeastern France. There, Attilas army ran up against the forces of his former friend and ally, the Roman General Aetius, along with some Alans and Visigoths. Unsettled by ill omens, the Huns waited until almost dusk to attack, and got the worse of the fighting. However, the Romans and their allies withdrew the next day. The battle was not conclusive, but it has been painted as Attilas Waterloo. Some historians even have claimed that Christian Europe might have been extinguished forever if Attila had won that day! The Huns went home to regroup. Attilas Invasion of Italy - The Pope Intervenes (?) Although he was defeated in France, Attila remained dedicated to marrying Honoria and acquiring her dowry. In 452, the Huns invaded Italy, which was weakened by a two-year long famine and epidemics of disease. They quickly captured fortified cities including Padua and Milan. However, the Huns were dissuaded from attacking Rome itself by the lack of food provisions available, and by the rampant disease all around them. Pope Leo later claimed to have met Attila and persuaded him to turn back, but its doubtful that this ever really happened. Nonetheless, the story added to the prestige of the early Catholic Church. Attilas Mysterious Death After his return from Italy, Attila married a teenaged girl named Ildiko. The marriage took place in 453  and was celebrated with a grand feast and plenty of alcohol. After dinner, the new couple retired to the wedding chamber for the night. Attila did not show up the next morning, so his nervous servants opened the chamber door. The king was dead on the floor (some accounts say covered with blood), and his bride was huddled in a corner in a state of shock. Some historians theorize that Ildiko murdered her new husband, but that seems unlikely. He may have suffered a hemorrhage, or he could have died of alcohol poisoning from the wedding night revels. Attilas Empire Falls After Attilas death, his three sons divided up the empire (reverting, in a way, to the pre-Uncle Rua political structure). The sons fought over which would be the high king. Eldest brother Ellac prevailed, but meanwhile, the Huns subject tribes broke free from the empire one by one. Only a year after Attilas death, the Goths defeated the Huns at the Battle of Nedao, driving them out of Pannonia (now western Hungary). Ellac was killed in battle, and Attilas second son Dengizich became the high king. Dengizich was determined to return the Hunnic Empire to the glory days. In 469, he sent a demand to Constantinople that the Eastern Roman Empire pay tribute to the Huns again. His younger brother Ernakh refused to get involved in this venture  and took his people out of Dengizichs alliance. The Romans refused Dengizichs demand. Dengizik attacked, and his army was crushed by Byzantine troops under General Anagestes. Dengizik was killed, along with the majority of his people. The remnants of Dengiziks clan joined Ernakhs people  and were absorbed by the Bulgars, ancestors of todays Bulgarians. Just 16 years after Attilas death, the Huns ceased to exist. The Legacy of Attila the Hun Attila is often portrayed as a cruel, bloodthirsty and barbaric ruler, but its important to remember that our accounts of him come from his enemies, the Eastern Romans. The historian Priscus, who went on the fateful embassy to Attilas court, also noted that Attila was wise, merciful, and humble. Priscus was amazed that the Hunnic king used simple wooden table implements, while his courtiers and guests ate and drank from silver and gold dishes. He did not kill the Romans who came to assassinate him, sending them home in disgrace instead. It is safe to say that Attila the Hun was a much more complex person than his modern reputation reveals.

Iris, the Greek Goddess

Iris, the Greek Goddess Iris was a swift messenger goddess in Greek mythology and a popular subject for vase painting, but better known as the goddess of the rainbow because Hermes (Mercury) is known as the messenger god. Iris is shown with wings, a (kerykeion) heralds staff, and a pitcher of water. She is a beautiful young woman described as wearing a multi-hued gown. Family of Origin Thaumas, son of the sea (Pontos), and Elektra, an Oceanid, are possible parents of Iris. Her sisters are the Harpiea Aello and Okypetes. In Early Greek Myth. Timothy Gantz (Early Greek Myth, 1993) says a fragment of Alcaeus (327 LP) says Iris mated with the west wind, Zephyros, to become the mother of Eros. Iris in Roman Mythology In the Aeneid, Book 9, Hera (Juno) sends Iris to incite Turnus to attack the Trojans. In Metamorphoses Book XI, Ovid shows Iris in her rainbow-hued gown serving as a messenger goddess for Hera. The Homeric Epics Iris appears in the Odyssey when Zeus sends her to convey his orders to the other gods and to mortals, when Hera sends her to Achilles. Iris also appears when she seems to act on her own to convey information while appearing disguised as a human- unlike the other times. Iris also helps a wounded Aphrodite from the battlefield and to carry Achilles prayer to Zephyros and Boreas. Iris seems to have revealed to Menelaus the fact that his wife, Helen, left with Paris in the Kypria. In the Homeric Hymns, Iris serves as ​a  messenger  to bring Eileithuia to help with Letos delivery and to bring Demeter to Olympus to deal with famine. Iris and the River Styx According to the Greek poet, Hesiod, Iris went to the Styx to bring water back for another god to swear an oath by.

The Nature of he Hero Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Nature of he Hero - Essay Example Homer creates a certain cult of the hero who should be physically strong and heroic. Beowulf possesses similar features depicted as a warrior and fighter. He describes: "My father was known, a noble head-warrior" (Beowulf). In epic, the cult of the hero is established not to benefit the hero but to punish his enemies. There are many unique qualities that make up the hero and the stories have been told time and time again. The hero's moodiness inhibits exploration of human behavior. Some heroes are disobedient fellows who committed a wrong in the past. The most vivid example of an evil hero is Hector who is described as "The Hero-slaughtering Hector!" (Homer). Youth of heroes tells against them-it is part of the theme that heroes have been molded into the settled prejudices of the world. Any attempt to allegories human nature without paying due attention to our sexual responses must appear to be incomplete. It is possible to say that a journey symbolizes important life stages as the p rocess of becoming an 'adult' and new perception of self (in Inferno). A man becomes a hero coming through different stages of moral and physical development. Some heroes show a social fanaticism rather than an actual bravery, for instance Dante in Inferno.

Engineering Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Engineering Ethics - Essay Example The whole logical decision making procedures begin with scrutinizing the project that falls under the domain of the engineering professional field and analyzing the output or the consequences of those projects within the circumstances that encircles the most preserved ideals and principles. At later stages, these engineering ethics listed ideals are being actively considered by scientific and technical professionals in a situation of necessity specially those which would create public roles out of those professionals in situations where their understanding of technology and its impact could become a sapling with a potential to enable common public to have a peek into new thinking, debate, and action. Hence, ethical responsibility has now moved beyond the earlier definition that revolves around decency, honesty and truthfulness in life. At the same time, it has moved past the concept of wise decision making and is now more than mere selection through those wise concepts over choices s plattered suddenly or better to say unexpectedly. The moral for an individual should now diversify with the spurted desire to involve others and forming a team in taking decisions with a purpose to define the steps undertaking the crucial choices. The difficulty over here is that of utilizing own intelligence that might sometime challenge the dominance of the technology and machines (Collins). Various societies of professional Engineers have provided code of ethics for engineers. Almost all those enlisted codes underscore the importance of engineering profession and how an engineering profession makes changes to this world could and hence needs to follow those codes. The structure over which this world now relies for day to day movement and work is very much a result of efforts made by Engineering for centuries. They have got direct and vital impact on common man's life and their quality of living. Their presence is everywhere either in form of service or products that have now become indispensible. The electricity, electronic equipments, the houses we live, the roads e travel, the vehicle we board, the communication devices through which we make virtual connection with the rest of the world. The presence of engineering marvel is spread all across. Now, here comes the point which encircles over issues that makes the code of engineering ethics important. The engineers are s upposed or better to say have a say almost everywhere including public health, safety and welfare. So, they need to practice highest level of honesty, fairness, impartiality and equity. The standard of professional behavior being practiced by engineers should enlighten itself through highest principles of ethical conduct (NSPE, [National Society for Professional Engineers]). The code begins with some fundamental canons. These provides point wise list following which is a must when engineers are observing their professional duties. These canons have great importance as they necessitate the importance of engineering as a profession and at the same time provide engineers a level of seriousness to their existence and utilization as a professional. The code states that the most important of all is nothing but public's safety, welfare and

Quality of Artesian Water | Analysis

Quality of Artesian Water | Analysis Evaluation of the microbiological and physicochemical quality of Artesian well water used for irrigation in ArRiyadh Sulaiman Ali Alharbi1*, M.E.Zayed1, Arunachalam Chinnathambi1, Naiyf S. Alharbi1 and Milton Wainwright1,2 Abstract The quality of water from artesian wells used for irrigation was analyzed. Water samples were collected from 12 wells from different farms along a 8.5 km transect of the Hayer which is an area located approximately 35 km south of ArRiyadh. The major parameters for assessment of the groundwater quality used here were analysis of the major cations (K+, Na+and NH4 +) and the major anions (Cl-, SO42-, NO3- and PO43-). A total dissolved solid (TDS) is a summation of the all major constituents. pH, temperature and electrical conductivity (EC) were also measured as important indicators of groundwater quality. The samples were also tested for the presence of total and fecal coliforms bacteria. All the samples were free from contamination by coliforms bacteria; the physicochemical parameters of the all of the samples were not however, within the acceptable limits prescribed by WHO and FAO. Key words: Physicochemical quality, Artesian well water quality, Irrigation, coliforms, Cations      Ã‚   Introduction Water from rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and groundwater aquifers is an essential human resource and is needed for direct consumption as well as for recreational purposes1. Groundwater is a vital source for fresh water in Saudi Arabia and the surrounding Gulf states2; groundwater being the major source of both potable and irrigation waters in Saudi Arabia. As the population of Saudi continues to increase, especially in the big cities such as ArRiyadh, the demand for adequate and high-quality groundwater resources continues to increase. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (about 2.25 million km2) is one of hottest and most arid countries in the world, with an average summer temperatures of 46oC and an average rainfall of 120 mm per year over most of the country2. The available surface water and groundwater resources is limited, precipitation rates are low, while evaporation is high. With increasing population and agricultural use there is an increasing need for high quality water in Saudi Arabia 3. The total population of Saudi Arabia has increased from about 7.7 million in 1970 to 11.8 million in 1990 and is expected to reach 19 million in 2010, if the present growth rate of 3 per cent per annum continues. Consequently, domestic water demand has increased from about 446 MCM in 1980 to about 1,563 MCM in 1997, and is expected to reach 2,800 MCM in 20104,5. Agriculture accounts for some 88% of water use, while industry consumes only around 3%6. Saudi Arabia faces severe water problems and as a result, is in need of new water policies to achieve sustainable development in its harsh environment. Problems include balancing supply and demand while facing aridity and water scarcity, nonrenewable supplies, poor quality of ground water, poor distribution of supplies, salt water intrusion, and the overuse and contamination of aquifers7. Available water resources in Saudi Arabia are a) conventional, i.e. groundwater and surface water, and b) non-conventional such as desalinated seawater and treated waste water. About 88 percent of the water consumption in Saudi Arabia is met from groundwater supplies2.Groundwater is generally presumed to be ideal for human consumption and is used as a potential source of drinking water, agricultural development, urbanization and industrialization8. Around 47% of the water supplied in ArRiyadh is groundwater pumped from local aquifers9. It is estimated that 18% of worldwide cropland is irrigated, producing 40% of all food. Irrigation water and any foliar applied water, in intimate contact to the developing or mature edible portions of fresh produce, is likely to lead to contamination with human waste, although irrigation using surface water is likely to pose a greater risk to human health than irrigation water obtained from deep aquifers drawn from properly constructed and protected wells10. Water-borne pathogens infect around 250 million people and result in 10 to 20 million deaths world-wide each year. An estimated 80% of all illness in developing countries is related to water and sanitation, with some 5% of all child deaths under the age of five years occurring in developing countries resulting from diarrheal diseases 11,12. Pathogens pose a risk to human health as a result of the various uses of water (Figure 2). For example, it was suggested that contaminated irrigation water was a possible source of a recent outbreak of E. coli across USA13. Fruit and vegetables are frequently contaminated impacted by fecally-polluted irrigation water14. As a general rule, surface water resources are more susceptible to microbial contamination than are groundwater supplies. Microbial contamination introduced through sprinkler irrigation systems may also affect the surface of a crop for varying periods of time, and the risk is increased when the irrigated crop is consumed raw and so metimes unwashed15. Pathogen-contamination of fresh, ready-to-eat fruits and vegetables is a significant issue in agriculture. In many cases, fecal-oral pathogens such as toxin-producing E. coli, Salmonella spp., and norovirus are the causative agents16. Fecally contaminated irrigation water is frequently a possible or likely source of contamination of fresh, ready-to-eat fruits and vegetables17. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)18, at least 12 percent of foods borne outbreaks during the 1990s were attributable to fresh produce, and the economic cost of food borne illness is estimated at around $10 to $83 billion per year19. Water is subject to varying degrees of fecal pollution, and consequently fresh waters are a vector transmission of many pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. Fecal pollution can reach water resources as the result of human activities, such as sewage treatment plants and communities where sewage treatment is not available. Many diseases are related to fecal polluted water, but the majority is caused by enteropathogenic microorganisms, and not surprisingly therefore, the presence of enteric pathogens in waters is of considerable concern. For this reason, maintaining the microbiological safety of water is very important issue relating to the protection of public health1. Washing and disinfection practices are less effective against pathogens which in penetrate the plant interior20., and for this reason the prevention of water-borne contamination is considered to be an important primary means of controlling health risk associated with food borne pathogens19. The quality and safety of farm irrigation water determines the quality and safety of the resultant crop, and the safety of water depends on its source. Human pathogens can be introduced into irrigation water via run-off of manure from animal production facilities, from domestic/urban sewage systems or directly from wildlife. Extreme rainfall (which lead to storm overflows), spills of manure, or human waste can all increase the probability of the occurrence of contamination21. The quality of water needed for various uses is determined by its physical characteristics, chemical composition, biological parameters and the conditions of use and all surface or sub-surface waters contain varying amounts of salts which increase in irrigated soil due to evaporation. The aim of the work reported here was to determine the microbiological and physicochemical quality of waters obtained from artesian wells used for irrigation near the city of Riyadh. Materials and methods Description of the artesian wells: The samples were taken from wells of depth ranging from (60-100 m); some wells were open while others were closed. Sampling collection: Sampling: All ground water sampling (chemical or microbial) was conducted with the existing well pumps which were run for a sufficient time (10-15 minutes) in order to replace the old water in the pipes with fresh water and thereby obtain reliably stable readings of pH, specific conductance and temperature. Well water depths were measured with a graduated (l/l00th foot) steel tape. A total of three water samples were collected from 12 different wells located in different farms along a 8.5 km transect of the Hayer, which is an area located some 35 km south of Riyadh, during November 2010. The water samples were collected in plastic bottles, pH, EC and TDS were measured on site; samples were subsequently transported to the laboratory in an ice box. Each sample was divided into three portions; one for cation analysis, one for anion determinations and the third for coliform analysis. The concentration of total dissolved ions, Na, K, P, Cl, S04, NH4 and N03 were determined. The analytical procedures used for these determinations were those described in standard methods or the examination of water and wastewater. The evaluation of the suitability of groundwater for irrigation purpose is based here on the irrigation water specification provided by the Saudi Arabian Standards organization (SASO), irrigation water standards 1993, and water quality for use in agriculture by the FAO (1994). (Table 1) shows the concentration (mg/l) of individual constituents, groundwater, hardness, electrical conductance and pH of the groundwater. Coliform determination: Sample Preparation: The samples were diluted in the range- 10-1 to 10-6 and the original water sample were aseptically diluted into 9 ml buffered peptone prepared in three series. The number of total and fecal coliforms was determined using the MPN method and statistical tables were used to interpret the results. From each dilution, 1ml was removed and added aseptically to triplicate tubes containing 5ml of lauryl tryptose broth (LSB). The tubes were then incubated at 37  °C for 48 hours. Tubes showing color change or gas production were recorded as positive, and the number of positive tubes at each dilution was referred to MPN tables to obtain the number of bacteria present in the original sample. Results and Discussion Microbiological analysis: None of the water samples obtained from any of the wells contained coliforms, a fact which shows that the general sanitary conditions around the wells are excellent. Analysis of physicochemical parameters: Physical Characteristics: Table 1 shows the laboratory determinations used, together with the acceptable range to evaluate common irrigation water quality, as prepared by FAO 1994. Table 1. Laboratory determinations used to evaluate common irrigation water quality problems. Water parameter Symbol Unit1 Usual range in irrigation water SALINITY Salt content Electrical Conductivity ECw dS/m 0 3 dS/m (or) Total Dissolved Solids TDS mg/l 0 2000 mg/l Cations and anions Calcium Ca++ me/l 0 20 me/l Magnesium Mg++ me/l 0 5 me/l Sodium Na+ me/l 0 40 me/l Carbonate CO3 me/l 0 .1 me/l Bicarbonate HCO3- me/l 0 10 me/l Chloride Cl- me/l 0 30 me/l Sulphate SO4 me/l 0 20 me/l NUTRIENTS2 Nitrate-Nitrogen NO3-N mg/l 0 10 mg/l Ammonium-Nitrogen NH4-N mg/l 0 5 mg/l Phosphate-Phosphorus PO4-P mg/l 0 2 mg/l Potassium K+ mg/l 0 2 mg/l MISCELLANEOUS Boron B mg/l 0 2 mg/l Acid/basicity pH 1-14 6.0 8.5 Sodium Adsorption Ratio3 SAR (me/l)1, 2 0 15 1 dS/m = deciSiemen/metre in S.I. units (equivalent to 1 mmho/cm = 1 millimmho/centi-metre) mg/l = milligram per litre à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã†â€™ parts per million (ppm). me/l = milliequivalent per litre (mg/l à · equivalent weight = me/l); in SI units, 1 me/l= 1 millimol/litre adjusted for electron charge. Table 2. Physical parameters of analyzed groundwater samples Sample ID Parameters Temperature (Degree Celsius) pH E.C* (ms/cm) T.D.S** (mg/L) Turbidity (NTU) Total Hardness (mg/L as CaCO3) A 25.0 8.15 3.87 2476 11.30 1800 B 25.5 8.13 8.89 5689 28.70 3000 C 24.5 8.17 4.48 2867 20.50 1200 D 25.5 7.98 3.74 2393 18.00 1400 E 23.5 8.19 5.49 3513 6.24 1000 F 24.5 8.05 9.41 6022 2.98 2600 G 28.0 8.02 9.19 5881 0.73 2800 H 25.0 7.84 10.78 6899 21.90 3600 I 26.5 8.29 9.41 6022 0.94 3200 J 26.0 8.07 10.29 6585 5.78 3200 K 27.0 8.06 11.13 7123 12.30 3800 L 27.0 8.11 10.16 6502 5.63 3600 * E.C = Electrical Conductivity ** T.D.S = Total Dissolved Solids Table 2 shows the physical parameters of the groundwater samples; the data reveals the following: pH: The pH values of all gr the groundwater samples tested was alkaline (around 8); a pH which is generally not conducive to optimal crop plant growth Total dissolved solids (TDS) : Suspended solids and total dissolved solids (TDS) are indicators of polluted water. The value for TDS of the samples ranged from 2393-7123 mg/l. Most of these values are outside the standard values generally considered to be suitable for irrigation purposes. TDS values exceeding 3000 mg/l are high values for irrigation of some crop types. The high TDS values found in groundwater sampled from the study area are likely to be due to high concentrations of sodium, chloride, sulfate and nitrate. Conductivity: Electrical conductivity gives a measure of all of the dissolved ions in solution. Electrical conductivity values measured in this study varied from 3.74 to 11.13 ms/cm with sample-K exhibiting the highest conductivity (11.13) and sample D the lowest, (3.74). The acceptable limit of conductivity is 1.5 ms /cm22. Generally, the conductivity of clean water is lower but as water moves down the soil profile it leaches and dissolves ions and also picks up organic from the biota and detritus23. Generally the conductivity values recorded for wells sampled here were not within the acceptable limit prescribed by WHO and FAO limits. Total Water Hardness: Water hardness is primarily a measure of the amount of calcium and magnesium, and to a lesser extent, iron in a water sample. Water hardness is measured by summing the concentrations of calcium, magnesium and converting this value to an equivalent concentration of calcium carbonate (CaCO3); a value which is expressed in milligrams per liter (mg/L) of water. Water with hardness greater than 200 mg/L is considered to be of poor quality and water with hardness greater than 500 mg/L is normally considered to be unacceptable for domestic purposes. The analyzed samples for hardness, had hardness concentrations ranges between 1200 to 3800 mg/L been found then the samples would be assessed as belonging to the fourth category with very hard water and unacceptable for domestic purpose without treatment. Cations and anion loads of the groundwater samples: Table 3 shows the cations and anions loads of groundwater samples, the data shows the following: Sodium: An infiltration problem related to water quality occurs when the normal infiltration rate for the applied water or rainfall is appreciably reduced and water remains on the soil surface for long periods, or infiltrates too slowly to supply the crop with sufficient water to maintain acceptable yields. The infiltration rate of water into soil varies widely and can be greatly influenced by the quality of the irrigation water. The two most common water quality factors which influence the normal infiltration rate are water salinity (total quantity of salts in the water) and sodium content relative to the content of calcium and magnesium. Water which is highly saline will increase infiltration, while a low salinity water, or a sample with high sodium to calcium ratio will decrease infiltration; both of these factors may operate simultaneously. One serious side effect of an infiltration problem is the potential to develop plant disease and vector (mosquito) problems. An infiltration problem related to water quality in most cases occurs in the surface few centimetres of soil and is linked to the structural stability of this surface soil and its low calcium content relative to that of sodium. When a soil is irrigated with sodium-rich water, a high sodium surface soil develops which weakens soil structure. The surface soil aggregates then disperse into much smaller particles which clog soil pores. The problem may also be caused by an extremely low calcium content of the surface soil. In some cases, water low in salt can cause a similar problem but this is related to the corrosive nature of the low salt water and not to the sodium content of the water or soil. In the case of the low salt water, the water dissolves and leaches most of the soluble minerals, including calcium, from the surface soil. Analyses of the ground water samples tested here shows that that all have sodium ranges over 500 (mg/L);sodium contents greater than 500 mg/L are normally c onsidered unacceptable for irrigation according to water quality standards used by the FAO for agricultural use. Table 3. Cations and anion loads of the groundwater samples Sample ID Parameters Sodium Na (mg/L) Potassium K (mg/L) Phosphorus P (mg/L) Sulphate SO4 (mg/L) Ammonia NH3 (mg/L) Nitrate NO3 (mg/L) Chloride Cl (mg/L) A 500 17.0 0.53 1437 0 2.0 1250 B 1375 28.0 0.37 3275 0 10.0 2500 C 750 15.0 0.15 1302 0 5.5 1500 D 500 15.0 0.11 1380 0 2.0 1250 E 750 23.0 0.10 1607 0 4.0 1500 F 1500 27.0 0.00 3675 0 3.5 2850 G 1375 26.0 0.33 3275 0 13.5 2500 H 1375 27.0 0.25 2587 0 49.5 3000 I 1125 30.0 0.81 1737 0 138.0 2750 J 1375 27.0 0.00 2987 0 35.0 2750 K 1375 31.0 0.00 3075 0 142.0 3250 L 1125 30.0 0.25 1595 0 158.0 3000 Nitrates: The nitrate content of the analyzed groundwater samples ranges between 2 mg/l in well A and D and reaches a maximum of 158mg/l in well L .Many of the sampled groundwater wells contain nitrate exceeding the guideline values for irrigation water prescribed by FAO (0-10 mg/l), with most of the nitrogen present being probably derived from the biosphere. The nitrogen originally fixed from the atmosphere, is mineralized by soil bacteria into ammonium, which is converted into nitrate by nitrifying bacteria under aerobic conditions24. The main sources of nitrate result from either natural or anthropogenic activities rainfall and dry fall out, soil nitrogen, nitrate deposit, sewage, septic tank and animal waste, manure or compost, green manure and plant residues, atmospheric nitrogen fixation, fertilizer nitrogen from irrigated overflow water outlets and industrial effluent25. Nitrate is the end product of the oxidation of nitrogen in the environment. Particularly high nitrate concentrations indicate pollution from either sewage or agricultural fertilizer waste. Nitrate is without doubt an essential plant nutrient, but is equally a potential threat to human health when present in excess concentrations in the drinking water 26. The data obtained from the samples tested here shows that the ground waters examined contain high level of nitrate, concentrations which exceed the permissible limits for drinking purposes (Table 3). Ammonia: The term ammonia includes the non-ionized (NH3) and ionized (NH4+) species. Ammonia originates in the environment from metabolic, agricultural and industrial processes and from disinfection with chloramines. Natural levels in groundwater and surface water are usually below 0.2 mg/liter27. Anaerobic ground waters may contain up to 3mg/liter. Intensive rearing of farm animals can give rise to much higher levels in surface water. Ammonia contamination can also arise from cement m

History of the Korean War :: Korean War Asian History Essays

History of the Korean War The Korean War took place between the years of 1950 and 1953. The cause of the war was that Korea was under Japanese rule ever since the end of the Chinese-Japanese war in 1895. After World War II, in 1945, Korea was freed from Japan. The United States troops occupied the southern part of the country and Russian forces took the north. The very first and main reason we entered the war in Korea was because John Foster Dulles, the future Secretary of State under Dwight Eisenhower, said that it would be best if we entered the war. At the time Dulles was a special advisor to the Secretary of State Acheson. Dulles was in Tokyo when the Koreans staged war. Dulles sent a message to Acheson that if the South Koreans start losing and cannot hold back the North Koreans, they should send in United States forces. He said to do so, "even though this risks Russian counter moves. To sit by while Korea is overrun by unprovoked armed attack would start a disaster chain even leading most probably to Wo rld War III." When Dulles got back to Washington he specified that he meant sending in United States Air and Naval forces only, not troops. Almost immediately after getting word of the invasion, Acheson decided that the United States should put the matter before the United Nations. He then called President Truman and got his approval. Almost fourteen hours after Washington got word of the war there was a conference set up among certain members of the United Nations. The final decision of the United Nations was to give arms and equipment to the R.O.K. army (Republic of Korea). Then they authorized General MacArthur to use his forces and the United States Seventh Fleet, "to stabilize the combat situation". We first entered the war on June 25, 1950 because the United States felt that if Russia's troops would fight for North Korea, we should fight for South Korea. Also, since South Korea had a dictatorship, we wanted to prevent it from becoming communist and remaining a dictatorial form of government. If the communist started conquering many nations they might start a whole empire (the domino effect). In December 1943 the United States, China and Great Britain made a promise to Synyman Rhee during World War II that Korea would be given its independence "in due course" after World War II.

Why Fear National ID Cards?

Featured in 2001 in the New York Times Alan Dershowitz’s article â€Å"Why Fear National ID Cards? † presents the idea of a National ID Card system being put to use in the United States. The reasoning behind such an idea is this, with the sacrifice of some of the individual’s privacy a greater level of security, equality, and productivity can be achieved while discarding some of the insensitive and inefficient methods of identification we use today.A National ID Card consisting of a name, address, photo and fingerprint print would be the first national uniform ID that would replace the high number variations of identification that are issued state by state. This would drastically decrease the chances of forgery by the use of a unified system and strict means of distribution. A more comprehensive ID will allow for accelerated wait times at high security locations such as airports, and for those who decline to show such an ID would be subjected to further security measures.The criteria in which people are required obtain or present identification would remain the same this allows for remnants of the old policy to remain in effect and further safe guards the citizens from a potential over stepping government. A more radical policy or criteria change could lead to an abuse of power or jumpstart similar non-popular policies to be acted on. It would also enable the rate of deportation of illegal immigrants to increase along with providing a better means to legal immigrants to display their status to authorities.â€Å"Rights are a function of experience, and our recent experiences teach that it is far too easy to be anonymous — even to create a false identity — in this large and decentralized country† (Barnet and Bedau). This point taken directly from the article puts into perspective the very real threat of the terrorism. Terrorist hide amidst the general public, this is a concerning reality. No system can prevent all acts of terror but a National ID card with an embedded corresponding fingerprint can reduce the likely hood of the creation of false identities and catch those who are using the weaknesses of the current system to slip by unnoticed.Alan Dershowitz’s stresses the importance of the elimination of the current trend of racial and ethnic stereotyping that acts as a countermeasure for possible threats to security. Improving civil liberties for these targeted groups is achieved by eliminating the need to target these groups in general. By utilizing security measures such as criminal-history retrieval systems and a corresponding fingerprint on the card itself we can remove the reason for profiling individuals due to their appearance alone.

The Myer-Briggs Type Indicator - 665 Words

It would be so convenient if we could just see into the brain of every person on earth, and look through similarities in how they think. With a deeper understanding of ourselves and others, and how our thoughts and personalities are different, working together would (hopefully) be easier. Unfortunately, humans cannot do that. But it hasn’t stopped us from attempting something similar. Developed in the 1940’s and 1950’s, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator has been tested hundreds upon hundreds of times, with accurate results. Research is ongoing, and millions of people have taken the instrument since it’s conception. The Myers- Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is composed of four parts, each one with two options, making it a total of 16 types. Further explanation for the parts of the instrument can be found below. The first section concerns which of your worlds you prefer. Not world as in â€Å" Would you rather live on Mars or Neptune?†, but your inner or outer worlds. Those who have a preference for the outer world of people and things are grouped in the Extraversion category, represent by an E. People in this group are outgoing, have lots of friends, and are comfortable in groups. Introversion (I) prefers their inner world of ideas and images. That means they like working alone or in (very) small groups, and are considered reflective and reserved. It is important to note that everyone spends time in both worlds, and this only represents their favorite one. Spending time doing bothShow MoreRelatedThe Myers Briggs Type Indicator996 Words   |  4 PagesThe purpose of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) â€Å"is to make the theory of psychological types understandable and useful in people’s lives. The essence of the theory is most people do have consistent behavioral patterns† (The Myers Briggs Foundation, 2015). The theory was introduced in the 1920’s by Carl G. 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